Articles on Leadership

Coping with New Realities
(PDF 187KB)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

February 2012, American School Board Journal

Financially, times are still tough for many public schools. Responding with these five steps can help school boards withstand the hard times and even strengthen their districts

The Face of Data
(PDF 190KB)

January 2012, American School Board Journal

School leaders and educators often are exhorted to use data to improve student achievement. However, test scores only provide partial information on what’s going on in your district.

Choosing Choice
(PDF 50 kb)

 December 2011, American School Board Journal

Parents love choices. Proliferating brands, color palettes, communication media, and electronic options are only a few of the manifestations of our collective desire to be in charge of our choices. Not surprisingly, board members now face a significant increase in demands for school choice. Some of this increase in demand is fueled by federal funding incentives for charter schools; the recent $4 billion Race to the Top program gave preference to states with the least restrictive charter of states permit parents to choose schools outside traditional attendance boundaries, and a few are permitting vouchers.

Tackling Complexity
(PDF 180 kb)

November 2011, American School Board Journal

When you are sorting through competing theories and multiple sources of data, take Einstein’s advice: Make everything ‘as simple as possible, but not simpler’

Skeptics and Cynics
(PDF 169KB)

October 2011, American School Board Journal

One demands evidence before embracing change, while the other resists it at all cost. Here’s why you should listen to the skeptics and avoid the cynics when making crucial decisions

Pay-for-Performance Landmines
(PDF 194KB)

 September 2011, American School Board Journal

When linking teacher pay to student achievement, the devil is in the details. Be aware of potentially explosive issues when exploring a performance pay policy for your district

Changing the System
(PDF 180KB)

August 2011, American School Board Journal

The desire for school change is great, but much of the advice on how to lead for change is profoundly frustrating.  Follow these five ‘shifts’ to see change for the better.

Behind the Numbers
(PDF 196KB)

July 2011, American School Board Journal

If school officials remain fixated on test scores as the ultimate measure of accountability, they will miss the big picture of what schools can accomplish.

The P-20 Campus
(PDF 49KB)

June 2011, American School Board Journal

This Colorado school starts early and follows students through college, extending the traditional K-12 reach of public schools in this high-poverty, high-minority community

Getting Better All the Time
(PDF 43KB)

May 2011, American School Board Journal

As this Wisconsin high school shows, improvement and reform can happen without new money, staff changes, or outside programs. All you need is hard work and collaboration at every level.

Up to Speed
(PDF 44KB)

April 2011, American School Board Journal

School board members are for the most part community volunteers who don’t have extensive time to become governance experts. These shortcuts can help accelerate board expertise.

The Shanghai Surprise
(PDF 54KB)

American School Board Journal

When comparing the performance of Chinese and U.S. students on international tests, take cultural and political considerations into account before drawing conclusions

Fact or Fiction
(PDF 62K)

January 2011, American School Board Journal

Making decisions based on data is a popular trend, but make sure the facts are real and not simply strongly held opinions masquerading as reality.

Grading Curve
(PDF 42KB)

December 2010, American School Board Journal

Create policies that use boundaries to prevent micromanagement of classroom procedures, maintaining your right to leadership in this important teacher-student-parent communication.

The Write Way
(PDF 50KB)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

November 2010, American School Board Journal

Budget cuts are forcing writing out of the classroom, but it remains the foundation of strong literacy and achievement.  Is it a focus in your district?

Fixer or Multiplier?
(PDF 46KB)

September 2010, American School Board Journal

When selecting and assessing your superintendent, keep in mind the qualities that make someone a great leader.  And remember: Quantity and quality both count.

What Does the Public Really Want?
(PDF 191KB)

August 2010, American School Board Journal

Board members must separate fact from fiction when trying to figure out the real expectations their community has for the school district and from public education as a whole.

Paying for Performance
(PDF 41kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

May 2010, American School Board Journal

Responding to data, evaluating employees fairly, and constantly assessing your district’s performance are just some of the ways you can make a merit system work.

Sizing Up Your Leaders
(PDF 43kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

April 2010, American School Board Journal

Evaluting your superintendent is important, but rankings are often ambiguous or politicized. How can you make superintendent assessments a valuable tool for change?

Dealing With Stress and Anxiety
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

March 2010, American School Board Journal

Layoffs, growing demands, and economic challenges can greatly affect the morale and health of employees and students. What can you do to help ease the tension?

Grading Practices: The Third Rail
(PDF 246kb)

Jeffrey A. Erickson
March 2010, Principal Leadership

Although Social Security funds are in decline and no solution is evident, few politicians have the temerity to try to change the system. Why? Because Social Security is the third rail in politics: if you touch it, you’ll die. The field of education has an issue that is equally as lethal: grading.…

Resilience Through Adversity
(PDF 78kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

February 2010, American School Board Journal

Like many districts, Indiana’s Elkhart Community Schools faced a host of challenges due to the recession. So how did the district manage to thrive despite hard times?

The Learning Leader: Avoiding the Land Mines
(PDF 100kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

May 2009, Educational Leadership

Who could possibly be against teaching social responsibility? Quite a few people, it turns out—as anyone who survived the controversy in the 1980s and early 1990s over outcomes-based education (OBE) can attest. A look back at that abandoned effort offers three lessons for those who advocate teaching values and civic virtue.

The Learning Leader: The Value of Culture
(PDF 98kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

April 2009; Educational Leadership

One of the most difficult challenges in any school reform proposal is the local context. No matter how compelling the evidence in favor of a strategy, the common rejoinder is, “Perhaps it worked somewhere else, but our kids are different.” Certainly local context matters, but when the same instructional techniques appear to be effective in a variety of places, educators should take note…

The Learning Leader: Three Challenges of Web 2.0
(PDF 100kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

March 2009; Educational Leadership

There's no doubt that Web 2.0—the social and technological phenomenon that enables users to generate content, interact, and share information across borders—can be a force for good in the world of education…

The Learning Leader: Model Teachers
(PDF 98kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

February 2009; Educational Leadership

How do educators learn? The answer to this question will vary depending on how we define the word learn…

The Learning Leader: Looking Deeper Into the Data
(PDF 58kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

December 2008-January 2009; Educational Leadership

You need to make data-driven decisions!” intoned the workshop leader.  I doubt that any of the teachers and administrators in the audience intended to make “ignorance-driven” decisions. In fact, few school leaders are experiencing a shortage of data.

The Learning Leader: Leadership for Student Empowerment
(PDF 43kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

November 2008; Educational Leadership

The energy generated when students take ownership of their learning is surprisingly similar across different education settings.  I’ve witnessed this energy in two school districts that vary greatly in size and demographics: Hudson Public Schools in Massachusetts and Jefferson County Public Schools in Kentucky.  What do these two districts have in common?

Leading to Change: Challenging on Inequity, Insisting on Excellence
(PDF 63kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

October 2008; Educational Leadership

As education leaders strive to promote excellence for all students, they confront sharply contrasting schools of thought about the best way to close achievement gaps between students of different racial and socioeconomic backgrounds…

Leading to Change: The Extracurricular Advantage
(PDF 45kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

September 2008; Educational Leadership

To create the most positive classroom environment possible, education leaders must consider not only what happens inside the classroom, but also everything that affects students throughout the day. Extracurricular experiences are an important ingredient in this recipe…

Leading to Change: Improving Student Attendance
(PDF 49kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

May 2008; Educational Leadership

To motivate students to come to class, many schools have implemented tough attendance policies, typically stipulating that students will receive no credit for homework or tests that they miss because of unexcused absences. The problem is that these get-tough mandates are counterproductive and do little to reduce tardiness and truancy…

Leading to Change: The Leadership Challenge in Literacy
(PDF 49kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

April 2008; Educational Leadership

Although all educators acknowledge the importance of literacy for student success, schools have a long way to go in implementing consistent, high-quality literacy programs…

Leading to Change: Waiting for NCLB
(PDF 50kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

March 2008; Educational Leadership

While the reauthorization of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is stalled in Congress, school leaders have a perfect opportunity to seize the initiative. Without waiting for permission from any governmental authority, we can create new models of educational accountability that are more constructive and meaningful than those now in place…

Leading to Change: Making Strategic Planning Work
(PDF 94kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

December 2007-January 2008; Educational Leadership

For some people, the term strategic planning brings to mind a disciplined and thoughtful process that links the values, mission, and goals of a school system with a set of coherent strategies and tasks designed to achieve those goals.  For others, the term induces a cringe brought about by memories of endless meetings, fact-free debates, three-ring binders, and dozens of objectives, tasks, strategies, plans, and goals—all left undone after the plan was completed.  As one frustrated administrator said to me, “When do we get to stop planning and start doing?”

Leading to Change: How Do You Sustain Excellence
(PDF 89kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

November 2007; Educational Leadership

It's not hard to find examples of short-term success in high-poverty schools. Such cases have been documented in the recent work of Chenoweth (2007) and in my own studies of 90/90/90 schools™—those with 90 percent poverty, 90 percent minority enrollment, and 90 percent of students meeting or exceeding academic standards (Reeves, 2004).  Earlier studies by Edmonds (1979), Carter (1999), and Haycock (1999) also identified schools that were succeeding despite the fact that they enrolled large numbers of students in poverty…

Leading to Change: Coaching Myths and Realities
(PDF 88kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

October 2007; Educational Leadership

Remember when the coach was the man on the sidelines wildly gesturing his team on to victory? Now the proliferation of instructional coaches, leadership coaches, and life coaches has made the term coaching less precise. Recent research on coaching provides some practical advice on mistakes to avoid and opportunities to pursue to get the most from a coaching relationship…

Leading to Change: Teachers Step Up
(PDF 81kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

September 2007; Educational Leadership

teacher leadership is a concept that extends far beyond a slogan and has become an integral part of education reform. It is no coincidence that award-winning school districts have made teacher leadership a key part of their strategies for continued success…

Leading to Change: New Ways to Hire Educators
(PDF 131kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

May 2007; Educational Leadership

Two variables that profoundly influence student achievement are the quality of instruction provided by teachers (Darling-Hammond & Sykes, 1999; Education Trust, 1998) and the quality of leadership provided by school principals (Davis, Darling-Hammond, LaPointe, & Meyerson, 2005; Leithwood, Louis, Anderson, & Wahlstrom, 2004).  Clearly, hiring teachers and principals who will promote high standards for all students is essential in improving achievement and equity in our schools.  The question is, How can we select the most effective teachers and principals?

Leading to Change: Lessons from Shambobo
(PDF 126kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

April 2007; Educational Leadership

Several weeks ago, I traveled to rural Zambia to dedicate a school that my colleagues and I had built there.1 Amidst the celebration of a facility that will serve more than 550 students in grades 1–9, I learned some leadership lessons…

Leading to Change: Closing the Implementation Gap
(PDF 148kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

March 2007; Educational Leadership

Domino's Pizza estimates that it delivered more than 1.2 million pizzas on Super Bowl Sunday.  I estimate than more than a million of those pies were delivered to people like me who had, only a few weeks earlier, resolved to give up pizza.  If our annual tradition of leaving our New Year’s goals in tatters has any redeeming value, it’s the lesson it offers about the foolishness of believing that creating a list of goals is enough. Just as New Year’s resolutions rarely survive until February, many promising school plans never break out of the confines of three-ring binders.  We have the goals and the plans.  The challenge is closing the implementation gap…

Leading to Change: Academics and the Arts
(PDF 86kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

February 2007; Educational Leadership

Leaders set priorities. With multiple demands on limited school resources and classroom time, an essential job of every school leader is allocating resources to produce the greatest student success. In some schools—often those serving large proportions of poor and minority students—the imperative to raise test scores in literacy and math has led administrators to sacrifice seemingly nonrelated subjects, such as music and art…

The Principal and Proficiency: The Essential Leadership Role in Improving Student Achievement
(PDF 25kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

February 2007; NAESP Leadership Compass

Instructional leaders should use their leadership leverage to create building-wide proficiency.

Leading to Change: How Do You Change School Culture?
(PDF 135kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

December 2006-January 2007; Educational Leadership

Consider the following laments that I have heard recently from school leaders: “We can't change the grading policy—it's part of our culture.” “Public displays of data won't work here—the culture won't allow it.” “The parents just don't understand—you can't change the culture by passing a law.” Each of these statements includes the word culture, but the meaning of the term ranges from policies and procedures to personal preferences to deeply embedded belief systems…

Leading to Change: Preventing 1,000 Failures
(PDF 90kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

November 2006; Educational Leadership

What would preventing 1,000 course failures mean for your school system? For administrators, it would mean 1,000 fewer repeated courses that have to be worked into students' schedules. For teachers, it would mean hundreds of students who are more likely to be motivated and engaged instead of angry, disengaged, and discouraged. Most important, for students, it would mean an opportunity to learn that persisting, listening to teacher feedback, and working hard do make a difference. It would mean the chance to say with confidence, “I am a successful student…”

Leading to Change: Leadership Leverage
(PDF 90kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

October 2006; Educational Leadership

School leaders are often held accountable for things beyond their control.  The skills that students bring to kindergarten; the education attainment of families in the community; the local tax base; the pool of available teacher candidates—all these factors affect student achievement.  Because complaining about things outside our control is an ineffective leadership strategy, it is more productive to focus on the key factors that we can directly influence.

Leading to Change: Pull the Weeds Before You Plant the Flowers
(PDF 133kb)
Dr. Douglas B. Reeves (biography)

September 2006; Educational Leadership

Imagine a gardener who sees row upon row of beautiful flowers in a nursery. He enthusiastically loads a cart to overflowing in anticipation of placing each new plant in a special place in his garden. The nursery salesperson is encouraging, explaining that these flowers are special hybrid varieties that research has shown will do well in the local climate. But on arriving home, the gardener faces an unpleasant reality: His garden is full of thistle, crabgrass, dandelions, and other weeds…

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